The Potrayal of Nurse Ratched free essay sample

Nurse Ratched is portrayed as a devious mastermind of the ward; however, she herself is actually just a minion of the Combine. In many parts of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Bromden describes Ratched as being like a machine; her systematic scheming, and her name Ratched is similar to the word â€Å"ratchet†, which is a mechanical device. Because of this, Nurse Ratched must only be considered a small part of the patients suffering because she is only a mere tiny gear functioning in a large machine. Through Chief Bromden’s perspective, which parallels with Ken Kesey’s p oint of view about society, the Combine acts as the antagonist of the novel. Through Chief Bromden’s perspective, the Combine acts as the sole conformist antagonist of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. At the beginning of the novel, McMurphy solely ignites a social revolution amongst the patients. McMurphy challenges the function of the ward by encouraging the other patients to stand up for themselves by voicing their true opinions and desires. We will write a custom essay sample on The Potrayal of Nurse Ratched or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To exemplify how he is going to rebel against authority in the ward, McMurphy generates a bet with the others to see if he could emotionally crack the infamous Nurse Ratched, â€Å"You trust me to hold bets, buddies? † (69). To stick to his word, McMurphy deliberately goes out of his way to annoy the authority of the Combine. One morning, McMurphy uses his strong sexuality to belittle Nurse Ratched by making her feel uncomfortable through his masculinity, â€Å"You can’t run around here-in a towel! Get back in your dorm and get your clothes on this instant! † (87). From this, the patients gain an understanding for what McMurphy stands for, and are enlightened by his â€Å"non conformist† perspective. The patients of the ward, collectively, act as the protagonists of the novel. When McMurphy is admitted into the Combine, he motivates the patients to challenge authority at the ward. McMurphy provides the confidence to the rest of the patients to unconformity from the harsh, and strict policies at the ward. In order to watch the world series, the patients vote regarding changing their television time to the afternoon, â€Å"Everyone in favor of changing the television time to the afternoon, raise his hand,† (124). Eventually, the meeting is quickly adjourned by Big Nurse, and she disregards the patients desire to watch the World Series. To get back at her, when the big game is on air, the patients silently protest by watching a blank television â€Å"And we’re all sitting there, lined up in front of that blanked out TV set, watching the grey screen just like we could see the baseball game clear as day † (128). To challenge the conformity of the ward, the patients, in this case sit in front of the television when they are not permitted to by Big Nurse. As the novel continues, the patients begin to go to more severe measures to beat their burdening conformity of the Combine. At the ward, Dr. Spivey grants the patients permission to go on a fishing trip with each other. When all the patients signed up for the trip finally reach the docks, the captain of the boat does not let them on because he does not have a signed waiver filled out for them. When he leaves, McMurphy leads the rest onto the boat anyway â€Å"Pile in, crew, it’s all set! Gassed and ready and there’s bait and beer on board,† (206). Not only are the patients challenging the rules of the Combine, but they are also challenging the rules of their outside world. They display their non-conformist characteristics when they do not follow general authority. Breaking the law greatly parallels with Kesey’s negative point of view about the American government, and how it forces people to conform to something they are not. Kesey was also an advocate for abusing substances and self experimentation; as the patients get more and more successful in challenging the Combine, they gain magnificent amounts of confidence to abuse drugs. Kesey was a strong advocate for individualism and self discoveration. His writing portrays his opinion on how individuals â€Å"conform† by unconsciously falling to society’s needs. When this novel was written, society ostracized individuals who were thought to be abnormal or different, and because of this societal influence, people allowed themselves to become molded into what they thought was â€Å"normal†.

Treatment of Love, Marriage and Religion in the fiction of Khushwant Singh

Treatment of Love, Marriage and Religion in the fiction of Khushwant Singh Free Online Research Papers Khushwant Singh arguably is India’s most read and known author, columnist and journalist. Born on 15th August 1915 in Hadali, now in Pakistan, Mr. Singh started his career as a lawyer in Pakistan but soon he left the idea of becoming a successful lawyer. He decided to take risk in the field of writing. Mr. Singh belonged to the trade family yet he never thought of trying his hand in business or construction. He inducted thinking in the direction of writing and started his first novel Mano-Majra, which later became popular as â€Å"Train To Pakistan†. At first it was not received with much enthusiasm but after a short period bibliophiles recognized Mr. Singh’s genius as a novelist. â€Å"Train To Pakistan† (Mano-Majra) won Grove Press Award in 1954. It also earned the attention of innumerable readers from India and abroad. The Grove Press Award filled him with courage to try another novel then second novel came and third, fourth and fifth. The chain is on till today. Though Mr. Singh has crossed 90 yet we can expect another novel so far as his stamina is concerned. â€Å"Train To Pakistan† discussed the after effects of India’s independence, which brought the partition of India and Pakistan. Mr. Singh focused on the lower class people who became the main victim of partition. A huge mass of victims transferred form one place to another. This migration also caused killing, raping and looting. The entire story of the novel revolves around one particular village Mano-Majra in the far provinces of Punjab. The life of the village is simple and quite peaceful, which is regulated by the whistles of trains. But all of a sudden, the untimely arrival of a train disturbs the peace of the village. This train brings the countless corpses form Pakistan. On the other hand Malli with his fellow culprits robs and murders Lala Ram Lal. Jagga’s absence from the village draws him in the circle of suspicion. Iqbal, a communist reaches Mano-Majra but on account of being a stranger he with Jagga is also arrested in Lala Ram Lal’s murder cas e. Malli is also arrested but after some time he is released. Meanwhile Mano-Majra turns into a refuge camp. In the village some criminal minded people provoke the others to send a â€Å"Train To Pakistan† full of corpses. Jugga is released and he comes to know about the villagers so for the sake of his beloved Nooran, who is also heading to Pakistan, determines to capsize the conspiracy. He sacrifices his life and lets the train go to Pakistan untouched. The novel obviously shows that Mr. Singh did not approve the scene of partition. He highlighted the political errors during the partition and registered his protest against the tragedy. â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† dealt with pre-independence period when entire India was burning in the fire of slavery. India was divided into two sectors. One sector was favouring the British rule while the other was striving for the freedom. The story of â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† revolves around the family of Mr. Buta Singh who is loyal to the British Raj. He is so much overwhelmed with the loyalty that he is not ready to even imagine India without British rule. On the other hand his son Sher Singh becomes the leader of an anti-British group. Sher Singh with his friends Madan and the others, indulges in the murder case of a village headman, who witnesses their anti-British activities. His group damages the bridge too. Sher Singh’s arrest disturbs the peace of Buta Singh’s family. This disturbance takes the life of Sher Singh’s mother Mrs. Sabharai. The conflict between a father and a son continues till the end of the novel. The main motto of Khushwant Singh writing this novel was to highlight the hidden poltroon in the characters of so-called freedom fighters and the treasons in the service of British rule. In â€Å"Delhi† Mr. Singh again turned towards the Indian history. This time he presented the making of Delhi in different eras. â€Å"Delhi† is a tour guide to Delhi the capital of India more than a novel and the events teller is a Sikh who takes the different characters to different places of Delhi and tells the related incidents to that place. Timurid, Aurangzeb Alamgir, Nadir Shah, Hazrat Nizamuddin, Bahadur Shah Zafar and Meer Taqi Meer are the historical characters, who discuss their secret lives with the readers. The writer brought the lives of religious people also in light like Hazrat Nizamuddin and Sarmad Shah. Mr. Singh unveiled the cruel side of Aurangzeb’s picture that he executed the ninth guru of Sikhs. Mr. Singh spiced up the tasteless subject like history with the love making scenes. He aspired to peep inside the private lives of Mughal kings and queens. Bhagmati a eunuch represents Delhi and the related chapters do not let the readers get bored. Mr. Singh extends the history from Mughal to British and then to the emergency after the assassination of Mrs. Indira Gandhi. One of her Sikh security guards killed her. In revenge the people from Indira’s side started killing the Sikh everywhere in India but the scene was worst in Delhi. The Sikhs were butchered mercilessly. Through this novel again Mr. Singh registered his protest against the irregularity and brought the political errors of mid eighties into the light. â€Å"The Company Of Women† is the life sketch of a modern individual who after separation from his wife plays with the women like a wanton child. He only wants to satisfy his sexual instinct by hook or crook. Mohan Kumar graduated from America comes back to India. His father finds a suitable match for him but his married life could not last long. After two children his wife decided to take divorce form Mohan Kumar. After separation from his wife he hunted several women. He hired women from respected families like a professor from Haryana and a masseuse from Goa on temporary relationship conditions. He made physical contacts with many women that he did not spare a lady sweeper, a nurse and a prostitute. This excess of sex brought the most fatal disease to Mr. Mohan. He gets infected with HIV AIDS. This was enough for him to be humiliated and at last he committed suicide. In â€Å"Burial At Sea† Mr. Singh again turned towards the Indian history during freedom struggle and the after independence. But this time he focused on some other kinds of freedom fighters, who did not strive physically but with economically. Victor breathed in slave India but he determined to make India economically stronger and independent. He went to England for better education where he collected the relevant information about establishing the mills. For the purpose he hired best technicians from England to stand a chain of mills and used Indian men power to run these mills. Soon he became a famous business tycoon of India. His wife died and left a daughter Bharti, who paved the path of her father and in her puberty she started taking interest in business. After the death of his wife Victor passed a long period of his life in celibacy but towards the old age he revived his sexual instinct when he fell in love with a tantric woman, who had a dubious past. She made him experience the unbridled sex. She got pregnant and before they could take any decision some people killed Victor. In this way this energetic machine all of a sudden stopped. According to his will he was buried under sea near his ship house in Mumbai. Mr. Singh Masterfully portrayed the both strata of freedom fighters. Before Mr. Singh many writer have treated love, sex and marriage but only Khushwant Singh could talk about love and sex with much candour and boldness. Love is the noblest gift bestowed upon the human being by God. It is the feeling of love that ties us with our relatives, friends and loved ones. But today the love is mixed with selfishness, greed and sin. That is why today the love lacks the warmth of love and greedless love. The writer has aspired to a great extent to explore the love but love cannot be discussed without sex. In â€Å"Train To Pakistan† Mr. Singh highlights the love between Juggat Singh and Nooran. On the other hand he shows the far greater love between two communities i.e. Sikh and Muslim. Here it can easily be observed that Mr. Singh believes in the famous quotation â€Å"Love is blind†. The love does not know any hindrance of caste, colour creed and age. Almost all his novels are brimful with the love affairs between the lover of different communit ies like Juggat-Nooran, love affair in â€Å"Train To Pakistan†, Hukum Chand-Haseena love affair in â€Å"Train To Pakistan†, Madan-Champak love affair in I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale, Mohan-Jessica Browne love affair in â€Å"The Company Of Women†, Mohan-Yasmeen love affair in â€Å"The Company Of Women†. The motto of Khushwant Singh behind delineating these love affairs is that he definitely wants to create love and amity among all the communities. Mr. Singh does not feel shame in talking about the love affair between mature and immature. Hukum Chand in â€Å"Train To Pakistan† falls in love with an immature girl like Haseena, younger than his own daughter. In â€Å"Burial At Sea â€Å"Victor falls in love with Durgeshwari of the age of his daughter. Sex is the result of love. It comes later but remains on the top priority. Mr. Singh treated the theme of sex in almost all his novels. Sex becomes the impregnable pillar of his popularity. Mr. Singh adopted the boldness and candid style in depicting the sex. He unveiled the naked truth of society. Mr. Singh admits that sex is the basic need of human being. That is why so much sex cases like rape and the extra marital sex affairs can easily be observed in the society. For the first time Mr. Singh discussed the extra marital affairs. In â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale â€Å"Champak, wife of Sher Singh starts committing adultery with her husband’s friend Mada n. He is also a married man but he likes having sex with his friend’s wife Champak. When the arrows of sex hurt, a person forgets all the boundaries and crosses all the limits. Sex can make a father rape his daughter. Even a religious person does not feel shame in desecrating the holy campus of a shrine and the temple. In â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale â€Å"Peer Sahab commits adultery with Shanno within the premises of the holy shrine. Mr. Singh highlighted this truth and satirized these kinds of people. The sex can turn anyone blind. Mr. Singh’s fourth novel â€Å"The Company Of Women† is completely dedicated to sex. Mohan Kumar before marriage enjoys sex with many women even after his marriage he does not leave enjoying sex with different women. He enjoys sex with a sweepress Dhanno, Mary Joseph a nurse, and a prostitute. In America he has had sex with Jessica Browne and Yasmeen Wanchoo. In Indian after divorce he starts having sex on contracts. Eve n the women form high-class families respond in affirmative and enjoy unbridled sex with Mohan Kumar. Is such a sexual drama not being enacted in our society? Mr. Singh just brought it in light. So far as the marriage is concerned Mr. Singh has bitter experiences regarding it. Even his own married life has come to the breaking point many times but it is his wit that he handled the situations and survived his conjugal life. Though Mr. Singh crossed ninety and his wife eighty he loves his wife more than anything else. According to Mr. Singh, his pen will stop if his wife stops taking breathe. Mr. Singh neither fovoured divorce nor he thinks that separation is the solution of problems regarding marriage. According to him the bond of marriage is not breakable. Though Mr. Singh has passed a long period of his life abroad yet he is a true patriot and a true Indian. Mr. Singh was born in 1915 when India was the slave of British. He saw the freedom struggle and the atrocities on Indian by the British rulers. While India got freedom Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru hoisted the Indian flag on 15th August 1947, Mr. Singh was standing fifty yards away from Lal Quilla. The tears of happiness in his eyes blurred the vision. But the tragedy of partition just after the independence again made him feel sorry and shattered. As a true patriot he did not favour the partition of India and Pakistan. Regarding this tragedy he poured his bitter views in the very first novel â€Å"Train To Pakistan†. The tragedy of partition only caused the low class people of India and Pakistan. A huge mass of people migrated form one place to another in search of peace and love. â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† also depicts the personal lives of freedom fighters. It also contains a conflict between two generation and pro-British and anti-British. â€Å"Delhi† is another link of this chain, which shows Mr. Singh’s love for the country. In â€Å"Delhi† Mr. Singh talks about the making of Delhi in different era. He depicts the period from Mughal to the emergency. Mohan Kumar in â€Å"The Company Of Women† returns to India after passing a considerable time in America like the hero of â€Å"Delhi†. Mr. Singh adopted the Sikhism for the background of his novels. Mano-Majra, which later became â€Å"Train To Pakistan†, is a story of different changes in a Sikh Village during partition. â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† revolves around a Sikh family and depicts the traditions and rituals of Sikh community. Mr. Singh himself belongs to the Sikh community so he found it damn easy to take the Sikh background for his novels. The hero of his three novels is an irreverent Sikh, who at the crucial time acts according to the Sikh doctrines. â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† depicts the vivid and limpid description of Sikh rituals and traditions. Though Khushwant Singh is a converted Sikh yet he strictly follows the traditions of Sikhism. It is another thing that he calls himself an atheist. During the emergency after the assassination of Mrs. Indira Gandhi Sikh were being mercilessly killed. Mr. Khushwant Singh raised this issue in his third novel â€Å"Delhi†. Before the elections in 1980 Mr. Singh supported Indira Gandhi and her family. He also favoured Sanjay Gandhi in his birth control programme. After the election when Indira Gandhi came in the power she got him nominated for the Membership of Parliament. Further she offered him the Editorship of Hindustan Times. From 1980 to 1985 Mr. Singh remained the Member of Parliament. During this period he experienced many vicissitudes of politics. So far as his novels are concerned he has pointed out the political failures in his novels. In â€Å"Train To Pakistan† he highlighted the political failure during partition. â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† deals with the political ills before independence. Mr. Singh has memorized the Indian political history. On the other hand he has a wide approach to other religions. Sikhism is his own religion but he has studied all the other religions of India and abroad. He finds out the lacunas in the religions and passes comments on them while he suggests the readers to adopt the good aspects of any religion. According to him Hinduism, Islam, Judaism and Christianity, almost all the religions have some flaws and some good things so we must follow the good things of all the religions. Mr. Singh adopted the traditional technique to discuss these issues in his novels but at some places he became experimental. His novels initiate with the traditional technique but soon his genius comes out and he starts experimenting with the style. Since the art of novel writing developed almost all the novelists adopted the same technique to initiate the novel. But it was the beginning of nineteenth century, which produced a splendid harvest. In the post-Victorian period novel was mixed with all other forms of literature. Without adopting traditional method of writing none can achieve the regard of a novelist. Modern writers have to read and follow the classics. Without reading the predecessors and their method of writing, a novel cannot be initiated. Khushwant Singh’s novels are very much close to the reality. A limpid glimpse of the era in which the novel was written, can be observed, like â€Å"Train To Pakistan† contains the greatest tragedy (Partition) of India’s history. â€Å"I Shall Not Hear The Nightingale† deals with the theme of freedom struggle before independence. â€Å"Delhi† got us closer to the Mughal dynasties. â€Å"The Company Of Women† unveiled the naked truth of high-class families and their uncontrollable sexual instincts. In Burial at Sea, again Mr. Singh turned to Indian history and this time he brought those people in light, who fought for the Indian economy. Descriptive and Narrative technique presents a vivid picture and while reading the novel it seems some times as if we are not reading a novel but watching a film. His novels are full of historical elements with humour irony and satire. Mr. Singh has used simple, spicy and sometimes provocative language to emphasize the incidents. Words from the Hindi language also add stars to the story and create interest in between. Symbolized language and the characters help readers understand the central idea of the novel. His novels are big achievement for Khushwant Singh. Through novels he earned name, fame and recognition but moreover he got the sense of fulfillment. He has been conferred many decorations and awards. Where his novels brought awards there Guru Nanak Dev University conferred an honorary Doctorate on him. In 2000 he was conferred the â€Å"Honest Man Of The Year Award† by the Sulabh International Social Service Organization. His writing has won a huge mass of admirers in India and abroad. He is a close friend of many writers of International fame. Before initiating his career as a novelist Mr. Singh studied M. R. Anand, R. K. Narayan and Raja Rao yet he holds a unique place in contemporary Indian literature. M. R. Anand dealt with the exploitation of the lower class by upper class in his novels while R. K. Narayan commented on the prevailed superstition among the Indian. He created his own imaginative world ‘Malgudi’. The characters rise from the soil of Malgudi and participate in R. K. Narayan’s stories. Raja Rao worked on symbolism. Khushwant Singh touched almost all the aspects of society like he depicted the exploitation of Indians by the British rulers. He also commented on the rapidly spreading superstition in India. He symbolized â€Å"Delhi† with a eunuch Bhagmati, who is seduced by different people for pleasure. Delhi has also been ravished by the different Mughal dynasties and the British rulers. Though Khushwant Singh imitated these three novelists yet he has got a prominent place in modern literature. Most probably in India the great writers, poets and scholars are given great value after death that is why the writers who have left for their heavenly abode are put in the category of great writers while the modern writers are not given so much regard what they deserve. At present Mr. Singh is better than any other writer in contemporary Indian literature in English. Whatever he writes is influenced by the social, political and individual’s faults and lacunae. A vivid glimpse of the societ y is irresistibly fleshed in the novels of Khushwant Singh. It would not be wrong to call him an event recorder and a historian more than a novelist. His four novels except â€Å"The Company Of Women† are based on history and the reality of Indian history’s vicissitudes. He turned the reality of Indian history into novels and made it readable to present before the readers. The Sikh history also a proof of Mr. Singh’s being a historian. â€Å"Delhi† also cries out the Indian Mughal history. Mr. Singh writes whatever comes to his mind that is why his creative cosmos is distinctly his own. Thus he becomes a brilliant post independent Indian novelist. Research Papers on Treatment of Love, Marriage and Religion in the fiction of Khushwant SinghLifes What IfsInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Masque of the Red Death Room meanings

Charles Dickens Essays - Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers

Charles Dickens INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London.1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However, most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4 MIDDLE LIFE Dickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820's. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens' first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherine's sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens' suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFE His later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause

The Confidence In Of International Brands Dissertation

The Confidence In Of International Brands - Dissertation Example Figure 2: Age distribution in Saudi Arabia (male and female combined). Data sourced from Central Intelligence Agency The Saudi Fashion Market Western brands are very common in Saudi Arabia. Growth in franchising has been estimated at 27% in the Middle East in general, and in Saudi Arabia more than 70% of all franchised operations are American owned. Fashion from UK, Europe and the USA are all experiencing strong growth in the Saudi market, especially in the area of female fashion. While UK fashion initially had a strong hold over the market, there is now increasing trends towards US brands such as Gap, Gucci and Louis Vitton . The fashion market in Saudi is very seasonally based, with sales following religious holidays as well as the seasons. With the relatively young population, there is large potential for the fashion market. The habits of the nation are changing to become more in line with Western culture, a trend that is especially strong in the younger generation. Women are leav ing their traditional roles and many going into work. These trends are driving the boom in the fashion industry . Despite the fact that women wear the Abaya over their clothes, a traditional black dress that covers them, they often wear western clothing underneath . In addition there is a trend of fashion designers producing colored Abayas that are popular, especially for the younger generation. Teenage girls and young adult females have developed ways of wearing their Abayas that reveal their western clothing underneath, such as leaving the front wide open, or tying the edge around their waists, so their tight western jeans can be seen . There are also many different styles and cuts of Abayas and... While malls in Saudi Arabia resemble the western style of malls in many ways, but there is also strong evidence of the strict religious and cultural guidelines that are in place. Images on the front of music CDs are often censored, such as the sleeveless dress that Celine Dion wears on the front of one of her albums was replaced with a black shawl. Other differences are also noticeable, male and female Saudis are only able to work together in hospitals, so all sales people on the mall’s mixed floors are male foreign workers. At McDonald's the women must eat in a separate walled off section, while men eat in the open. The country has large segregation between men and women, so much so that paranoia about men hiding in dressing rooms has resulted in the absence of any dressing rooms in malls. The Kingdom Centre in Riyadh is attempting to turn this into a business advantage rather than a logistical hassle. They offer a female only floor, where all staff and security are female an d females are free to walk around in western style clothing, checking in their Abayas if they wish). Both products and sales are advertised in a wide number of ways, similar to in the western market. Internet advertisements are common, especially with the increasing use of the internet. Blogging has become a popular means of expressing the opinion, especially as media is tightly controlled. Because of this, flash and static advertising are common through blogging sites, although these are mainly for fashion stores in general.

Oil Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oil Companies - Essay Example According to the report, titled, Hot Profits and Global Warming: How Oil Companies Hurt Consumers and the Environment, the soaring prices are not dampening demand because most families have little leeway to alter their driving habits. Federal government statistics show this summer's gasoline demand up between 1.6 and 1.9 percent from 2005. The increased prices of gasoline have translated into record oil company profits. In the first six months of 2006, the five largest US oil companies posted $59.4 billion in profits. These companies have spent $112 billion since 2005 to buy back their own stock and pay dividends rather than invest in infrastructure or alternative energy sources, according to analysis done by Public Citizen. (Raymond J. Learsy. The Blog Eat The Press Becoming Fearless. The Huffington Post). In this regard, the American government summoned British Petroleum before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce for clarification. It is alleged that the company allowed its Alaska pipelines to deteriorate despite such large profit margins, causing a partial shutdown of oil production in the US's largest oilfield and temporarily driving up global oil prices. Surprisingly it was reported that the officials of British Petroleum responded that the profits and saving secured were adjusted with the losses the company suffered due to the fluctuation of oil prices. The company was able to convince the panel easily, however the later reports indicated that the company in actual manipulated the accounts, and invested the money for the purchases of physical equipments which were off the record. British Petroleum has claimed itself to be renewable energy leader; it invested only $800 million a year in solar, wind, natural gas and hydrogen energy, less than 2 percent of the total amount the company posted in profits, stock buybacks, dividend payments and cash reserves in 2005. "Under the current market framework, oil companies aren't making investments in ways to break our addiction to oil and apparently have no intention of doing so," said Tyson Slocum, director of Public Citizen's energy program and the report's author. "With $1 trillion in assets tied up in extracting, refining and marketing oil, their business model will squeeze the last cent of profit out of that spent capital for as long as possible." (Johnston, 2005) IMPORTANCE OF RESERVES (Why reserves value are so important) It is understandable that fraction of the profits stem from the international rise in the prices of petroleum, the report has mentioned that, large oil company mergers have squelched competition and has created negative impact on US consumers. Recent mergers between giant oil companies such as Exxon and Mobil, Chevron and Texaco, and Conoco and Phillips have resulted in just a few companies controlling a significant amount of gasoline in the US. Since 2005, the largest five control 55 percent of the refining market, and the largest 10 dominate 81.4 percent. The purpose of these exercises was to increase the amount of reserves produced and refined by the merged company. These exercises are further responsible for giving a strong image to the company, on the basis of their production activity. It is to be mentioned that the company's total

Absalom Absalom and Love Essay Example for Free

Absalom Absalom and Love Essay Many of the novels we have read this semester contain prevailing themes that provide insight into American society. One of these themes that we have closely examined throughout the semester is a person’s right to love. Love is undoubtedly a powerful force in one’s life. As we have seen through our readings, however, this force is often obstructed by the need to conform to social standards. Whether or not a couple is ALLOWED to be in love says a lot about what is socially acceptable for that particular area and time period. Although love is technically a right given to all, American Literature shows how it is often denied by social standards and therefore ceases to exist. William Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! tells Rosa Coldfield’s version of how Thomas Sutpen was the demise of her and her family. As the story progresses, it becomes known that Thomas’s son, Henry, kills Charles Bon to prevent him from marrying his sister, Judith. One would infer that Henry’s reason for his desperate need to prevent their marriage was because Charles was their half-brother, and therefore their marriage would be considered incest. We come to find out, however, that this is not exactly the case. In Chapter 8, in response to whether or not Judith will marry Bon she says â€Å"Yes. I have decided. Brother or not, I have decided. I will. I will (283). † As the chapter progresses, however, Quentin and Shreve accept that â€Å"it’s the miscegenation, not the incest, which (they) can’t bear (285). †In this case, two socially unaccepted taboos prevent Judith from pursuing her relationship with Bon. The fact that it is worse in the eyes of her family that Judith may be marrying a man with black blood than a man who is her relative, however, says a lot about how strong racial prejudices were in the south during the 1800s. Judith’s right to love Bon is forcefully obstructed by social norms, and is a perfect example of Southern culture during that time period. Another instance of love being obstructed by social standards is seen in F.  Scott Fitzgerald’s Great Gatsby. Jay Gatsby, a resident of West Egg and a symbol of new wealth, falls in love with Daisy, a resident of East Egg and a symbol of established wealth. Daisy and her husband, Tom, are described to have lived in â€Å"†¦a rather distinguished secret society (17)† to which members of old money had often tried and failed to become a part of. Throughout the novel, it is clear that Daisy had married Tom for his â€Å"†¦person and his position (151)† rather than for love. Yet when Daisy finally accepts that she had never loved Tom and was currently in love with Gatsby, the class divides remain too prevalent for her to pursue a relationship with Gatsby. Tom quotes â€Å" Nowadays people begin by sneering at family life and family institutions, and next they’ll throw everything overboard and have intermarriage between black and white (130). † From this quote and the happenings throughout the novel, the force obstructing the relationship between Gatsby and Daisy is the social condemnation of new money marrying old money. The Great Gatsby shows how in our society, is often difficult for people of different economic backgrounds to pursue a relationship. T. S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is an examination of a typical man’s psychological struggle to express himself emotionally and conform to social standards. Throughout the poem, the narrator shows insecurity in almost everything he does, fearing that his moves will be frowned upon. He says â€Å"There will be time, there will be time to prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet† and often asks â€Å"Do I dare?  Ã¢â‚¬  and thinks about what â€Å"they will say. † His insecurity prevails in an encounter with what seems to be a woman he loves. He seems afraid that the woman will deny him because of his balding hair and thin composure, and thinks about what he should say in order to impress the woman; â€Å"And how should I then presume? How should I begin? † In the end the narrator concludes that â€Å" It is impossible to say just what I mean,† and he drifts into a fairytale by the sea until â€Å"human voice wake us, and we drown. † Eliot’s poem is an example of a man’s love for a woman being obstructed by his own need to conform to what is socially acceptable of a man. He refuses to open up and share with the woman his feelings in fear that he will be mocked and denied. â€Å"The Love Song of Alfred Prufrock† shows the struggles of maintaining masculinity, and the fear a man has of loosing his composure. While the last stories had similar circumstances and outcomes, love doesn’t always have to be between a man and a woman, and social norms aren’t always successful at obstructing love’s powerful force. In Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, the love shared between Huck and Jim leads to a powerful revelation in Huck’s life and a groundbreaking relationship considering the South’s intrusive social standards. When Huck begins his journey with Jim, he is overcome by an instilled guilt for assisting in the runaway of Miss Watson’s slave. Huck says â€Å" It would get all around, Huck Finn helped a nigger get to his freedom; and if I was to ever see anybody from that town again, I’d be ready to get down and lick his boots for shame (226). †As their adventure progresses, however, Huck begins to realize how much he enjoys Jim’s company, slave or not; â€Å" But somehow I couldn’t seem to strike no places to harden me against him, just the other kind (227). † Huck struggles internally with this realization, but cannot get over the feeling in his heart telling him to keep Jim around. Finally, Huck decides that he would not turn in Jim, and that he would go to Hell if that were what it meant. In this instance, Huck valiantly goes against what is socially acceptable, and the force of love prevails. Huck and Jim remain friends even though it is extremely frowned upon. Although love is a freedom, one can see how easily and often this freedom is taken away due to what is acceptable in the eyes of others. The circumstances involved in the obstruction of love shows a lot about the society in which these characters live, and the values held by the people who lived there.

Baptism Essay -- essays research papers

Baptism There are nearly 21,000 different Christian denominations in the world today. With such an enormous number of diverse groups, understanding the beliefs and practices of each and the differences that distinguish one from another can be quiet confusing. While many denominations are similar, observing the same rites and sacraments, others have little in common other than the fact that they all accept Jesus as the Lord of God. In today's modern world, when we think about religion and Christianity, it is almost impossible not to think about Christian Baptism and its members. Christian Baptism is that point at which one acclaims and affirms the true gospel of Christ (Clearman 12). The ministry of John the Baptist is the founder of Christian Baptism. To achieve the erasing of sin, he administered a baptism of water by doing it in the water of Jordan River by itself. Between many people that John had baptized he also baptized Jesus Christ. Jesus' baptism inaugurated his public ministry, and he later gave his disciples the mission of baptizing in the name of Trinitarian faith. They continued to practice the baptism of water of the type administered by John. Jesus continued John's movement, but he also added new meaning to baptism. Now, baptism symbolized not only a change of heart but also the coming Holy Spirit which was to mark the messianic age (Hinnells 91). Baptism not long after this became very popular and people all over the world were practiced baptizing. Today ...

Going Back to the Villages to Make a Developed India Essay

India is a country of villages. Nearly five lakh villages exist in In a. While only about 28 per cent of the population lives in the cities, 72 per cent of the population lives in the villages. The villages thus occupy a place of great importance in the country. They are the base of India’s development in every sphere of life. There were many problems in the villages before Independence. There were no schools, hospitals, banks, etc., for the facilities of the villagers. There were no proper roads, electricity and tube wells. As a matter of fact their life was a hell. Since the dawn of Independence, the conditions in the Indian villages are changing very fast. The Government has opened night schools for the adults and primary schools for boys and girls. High schools and Inter colleges are established at every twenty kilometer of distance. see more:non farming activities in indian villages wikipedia The result is that they are now educated, illiteracy and ignorance are thus fast disappearing. . Till recently, most of the farmers were using the old methods of plouhing their’ fields, or sowing seeds and harvesting. However, the farmers are now using new techniques. They plough their fields with tractors, and irrigate their fields with water from tube-wells. With the abolition of zamindari, the person who ploughs the fields is now the real owner of the land. A great change has taken place in the political and social life of the villagers too. Before Independence, they had no say in the affairs of the village. Now Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat an, Panchayati Adalat are there. Due to the functioning of these bodies, the villagers have now begun to understand their rights and duties. There are changes in others fields also: Roads are constructed by the villagers. Now every village is linked by roads to other parts of the country. Hospitals and government dispensaries have been established to remove the illness and diseases which usually become a curse on community. In short, the fact is that the development of villages is in a transitional stage. Villages are the biggest support for India, from the past to future. They are the one, with which the world recognizes India. They are the one that does not depend on any other cities, but the entire India is dependent on the villages. They contribute to our modern India in every fields starting from agriculture, economy, prettiness of our country. Hence, I conclude that villages are the biggest strength to our India.

The Sykesâ€Picot Agreement of 1916

The Sykes–Picot Agreement of 1916 was a secret agreement between the governments of the UK and France, with the assent of Imperial Russia, defining their respective spheres of influence and control in Western Asia after the expected downfall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. On the night of April 9, 1948, the Irgun Zvei Leumi surrounded the village of Deir Yasin, located on the outskirts of Jerusalem. After giving the sleeping residents a 15 minute warning to evacuated, Menachem Begin's terrorists attacked the village of 700 people, killing 254 mostly old men, women and children and wounding 300 others. Begin's terrorists tossed many of the bodies in the village well, and paraded 150 captured women and children through the Jewish sectors of Jerusalem. 1948 – First Arab-Israeli War The Arabs failed to prevent establishment of a Jewish state, and the war ended with four UN-arranged armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. The frontiers defined in the armistice agreements remained until they were altered by Israel's conquests during the Six-Day War in 1967. Suez campaign , 29 Oct – 4 Nov 1956 During the 1950s there was considerable tension between Israel and Egypt, which, under President Nasser, had become a leader in the Arab world. His nationalization of the Suez Canal 1956 provided an opportunity for Israel with Britain and France, to attack Egypt and occupy a part of Palestine that Egypt had controlled since 1949, the Gaza Strip , from which Israel was forced by UN and US pressure to withdraw 1957 . 1973. The two Arab states struck unexpectedly on October 6. After crossing the suez channel the Arab forces gain a lot of advanced positions in Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights and manage to defeat the Israeli forces for more then three weeks. Israeli forces with a massive U. S. economic and military assistance managed to stop the arab forces after a three-week struggle. The Arab oil-producing states cut off petroleum exports to the United States and other Western nations in retaliation for their aid to Israel. But this treaty didn’t make any different or let the Israeli occupation withdrew from East Jerusalem. The net result of the treaty: Increase tension in the Middle East which shows in an increase in Israeli intransigence in the occupied territories and the isolation of Egypt from the Arab world. The Arab countries were opposed the separate treaty because it failed to achieve a permanent and comprehensive peace.

How to Write a Psychology Research Paper - Paperell.com

How to Write a Psychology Research Paper How to Write a Psychology Research Paper The research paper is a difficult work because it should contain a new look at scientific ideas that were previously voiced in the scientific world. It is not allowed to simply write-off from the Internet even if you use more than one source. But of course, you can use research paper writing service  for help. Research psychology paper should look like an independent scientific work with scientific novelty. It should introduce something new in the field of knowledge that is being explored.Its hard enough to put new tasks or find new ideas on the topic of what has already been investigated before you. Despite this, graduates of the college and university should necessarily write this paper. And if you listen to several useful tips and do everything right, then your scientific outline will not become a nightmare.Simple Steps To Writing A Good Psychology Research Paper!Before you start writing a research paper for psychology, you should carefully study the passports of specialties, as from these specialties you will later choose a topic. There are more than ten specializations, and in each of them has from ten to forty areas of research.Having studied the passports of all these specialties, you will be able to decide which of them is more interesting to you.What are the most basic specialties:Developmental PsychologyHistory of psychology, general and personal psychologyPolitical PsychologyPsychophysiologyCorrectional psychologyPsychology of engineering, ergonomicsPedagogical psychologyMedical or clinical psychologyLegal psychologySocial psychology.Once you have decided on the specialty, carefully read its passport again. You can read this article The six most interesting psychology papers of 2015 to find some inspiration. Next, you need to complete all paper in psychology work on a standard template. Formulate the object and the subject of the assignment, make a concise sentence, in which you will formulate the topic of the forthcoming research. After that, prep are a concept of work, which includes tasks, goals, novelty, scientific positions, their reliability, the relevance of the chosen topic, and so on. Based on this concept, you will be able to draw up a plan for your future text. After you do this, you can submit the plan and the concept of the thesis to the scientific supervisor for approval, when he or she can make remarks or give recommendations. Having familiarized with them, you will need to adjust the plan and concept, then you can write a plan-prospect study, review the literature. Please note that the plan-prospectus should not only contain paragraphs, but also paragraphs and sub-paragraphs. Then for each of them, you need to carefully select the material. After this, based on the material that you have collected, you can start writing psychology research paper outline with the introduction part.The structure of the scientific work in psychology has its own characteristics. After the introduction, there is a very substantial t heoretical part with a weighty amount of references to articles, books, and monographs of domestic and foreign researchers. But much more important is the practical part. Its basis is a psychological experiment applied research, confirming or refuting the theses of the previous part of the work. In the psychological sciences, there are high demands on the methods of research. You should give this special attention. From the scientific novelty, practical value and correctness of the organization and conduct of applied research, the successful outcome of the defense of the masters thesis in psychology depends. If something went wrong and you find it too hard for you, there is always a variant to order a research paper online. It will make your life way easier.How To Write A Psychology Research Paper?In the very first approximation, any scientific research, including psychological research, goes through three stages: 1) preparatory; 2) the main one; 3) the final one.At the first stage , the goals and objectives of the research are formulated, an orientation is made in the totality of knowledge in this field, a program of actions is drawn up, organizational, material and financial issues are resolved. At the main stage, the actual research process is performed. The scientist, using special methods, comes into contact (directly or indirectly) with the object under study and collects data about it. At the final stage, the data are processed and converted into the desired result. Researches are correlated with the goals put forward, explained and included in the existing system of knowledge in this field.Relying on this or that concept, the researcher puts forward an assumption that, in his/her opinion, is able to fill the information deficit on this problem. This assumption in the form of a scientific hypothesis and should be checked in the future by research activities. A hypothesis is a scientifically grounded statement of a probabilistic nature about the essence of the studied phenomena of reality. You should refute or defend the hypothesis in the discussion section of your experiment paper.Fress calls the fruitful hypothesis good and offers its signs:The problem (issue) should be forensic and enough;Plausibility, i.e., consistency with scientific data, but there may also be elements of new knowledge in it;Verifiability.If you know how to write a research paper  already, there is one more thing to consider. You have to find a good topic! If you have problems finding a suitable topic, you can check out these 100 great topics  and find some ideas for your paper.Now you need to choose one of the methods of the work. All methods used in psychological research can be divided into four groups:Organizational methods;Empirical methods of obtaining scientific data;Data processing techniques;Interpretation methods.Writing of abstract scientific paper differs little from the work on the other topics thesis. It is always a huge work, searching and studying hundreds of scientific papers, developing and conducting your own research. If a graduate student does not have enough time for all the above, the success of the proposal text is in question. All details should be considered, like APA format of citations, bibliography, and the general work design. Impossible to make it quick and with the high-quality. It will take some time, energy and probably will make you stressful, but it is worth it!In conclusion, it is important to highlight that you always can ask for help when you need it, there are many services on the Internet or maybe some of your friends, teachers or mentors can give you some practical advice.

Roche Pharmaceuticals Operations Planning Research Paper

Roche Pharmaceuticals Operations Planning - Research Paper Example Sales & Operations Planning At Roche an efficient sales & operations planning is used in order to balance demand and supply, to align mix and volume and for integrating financial and operating plans. This has been facilitated by using of Enterprise Resource Planning systems discussed in later sections. At Roche, the top management takes ownership of the sales and operations planning process. The management considers it a source of delivering business plans and strategies. The medium to long term decisions are taken by the top executives while the short term decisions are taken by the middle management. Various products at Roche pharmaceuticals are divided into families which makes it easier for management to review them for planning. Roche believes in proactive management rather than reactive crisis management. Hence, the sales and operations plan are designed well ahead of time. The sales and operations planning process also encompasses risk analysis and mitigation. The various possible scenarios in the planning horizon are studied and plans are made to tackle sudden rise or fall in demand and resources. After the plans have been decided at the top, they are communicated throughout the organization for smooth and accurate implementation. Broadly speaking, 5 steps are followed by Roche for Sales and Operations Planning. In the first steps, all new product development programmes are reviewed with the help of Research and Development Department. The information obtained acts as input for the sales and operations planning process. The concerned risks and assumptions are also documented. In the second step, a new sales and demand plan is created. The forecasts made here are dependent upon inputs from various stakeholders in the meeting. Roche accomplishes forecasting with the help of SAP ERP tools. The system generated forecasts are shared with all stakeholders. Any changes suggested are incorporated after discussion and the final forecasts are developed. These forecasts act as input for demand planning meeting. The concerned risks and assumptions are documented. In the third step, an operations plan is prepared in order to fulfill demands for each time period. For this the old operations plan is studied and the differen ces are noted. In the new operations plan, these differences are adjusted keeping in view the various resource constraints and inventory levels. The operations plan is multiplied by bill of materials required for each product family to arrive at total required resources. The required resources are compared with available resources. If there are significant differences, solutions to fill those gaps are identified and documented. In the fourth step, the impact of operations plan on other departments such as Accounts, finance, IT and sales is studied. Reconciliations and corrections are done to address concerns of various departments. Finally the key recommendations and potential scenarios are studied to from an agenda for the final Sales and Operations Planning meeting. The agenda is shared before the meeting for everyone to understand. In the fifth step, final Sales and Operations meeting is conducted. In the final meeting, the progress on previous sales and operations plan is studie d, plan for each product family is reviewed, approvals are made and new proposals are decided. The minutes of meeting and action plans are then communicated to various stakeholders (PHS, 2006). 5.3. Aggregate Planning Strategies Roche pharmaceuticals uses aggregate planning for achieving its medium term objectives. The activities are planned at various

Motherhood and Mothering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motherhood and Mothering - Essay Example A woman cannot feel herself fully realized if she is not a mother – the message is. As time passes and all your friends get married and start having children, you cannot help feeling pressure and feeling a kind of outcast. Everybody persuades you that being a mother is the greatest happiness in a woman’s life and that if you do not have children you cannot consider yourself a real woman. At that most of women give birth to their children just because it is prescribed by the society. There are certain scripts as to the number of children to be born, and to the age of becoming a mother. These scripts are transferred in families from generation to generation. Certainly, women usually do not realize that it is not quite their desire but merely the scenario imposed on them, believing that it is high time for them to have children. Many women give birth to children because they cannot find their way and mission in life. Children provide an opportunity to occupy one’s l ife-time with seemingly important things. As a result many mothers give no freedom to their children, interfering with their lives and imposing own worldviews and beliefs, not realizing that their children are quite different people, who came into this world to have their own experience and follow their own path. My interviewee is a usual representative of her time. Her understanding of motherhood reflects the common approach. She is not absorbed wholly with the idea of becoming a mother, but it is only because she is very young. It is clear from her utterances that she is simply waiting for the time when she will be ready to deny her freedom in favor of her children. My friend does realize that being a mother is a hard work, as she puts it â€Å"you have to work more than full-time employment.† Yet she starts thinking of children already dreaming of the reward in a form of children’s happy faces and mutual trust. The question is